9月13日【水科學講壇】第60講：比利時根特大學Diego Miralles教授學術(shù)報告通知

報告人簡介：

Dr. Diego Miralles is (full) Professor in Hydrology and Climate at Ghent University, Belgium. His research career started in 2009 at the Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory of the USA Department of Agriculture (USDA, Washington D.C.). His original work focused on satellite retrievals of soil moisture and land–atmosphere fluxes. This work resulted in his PhD thesis: 'Evaporation in the Global Water Cycle: Analysing Land Evaporation Using Satellite Observations' (VU Amsterdam, 2011). It embraced the challenge to develop GLEAM, a global retrieval model of terrestrial evaporation solely based on satellite data which has been used in thousands of applications since then, ranging from agricultural studies to climate model benchmarking. In 2011, he moved to a faculty position as Lecturer at the University of Bristol (UK). His research expanded to embrace global ecohydrology and remote sensing, and yielded several articles in high-impact journals. In 2015, he became again affiliated to the VU Amsterdam and took an external professor position at Ghent University, where he became tenured in 2017. Over the past 10 years, his research team at Ghent University has consolidated as a lead research unit on the study of Climate Hydrology. This was enabled thanks to personal grants from the European Research Council (ERC) and the Dutch Scientific Council (NWO), and his leading role in projects from the European Space Agency (ESA), Horizon 2020, and the Belgian Federal Science Police Office (BELSPO), among others. At the present he is board member in GCOS and the Boussinesq Centre of Hydrology. His core scientific interests remain on the understanding of our hydrosphere as part of the Earth's global system, impacted by anthropogenic emissions and land use change, but also regulating a number of positive and negative feedbacks on climate. Overall, his research team aims to understand how the hydrosphere, biosphere and climate interact and the implications for current and future societies; specific emphasis is frequently on drought and heatwave events due to their devastating impact on socioeconomic and natural systems. He currently holds a prestigious ERC Consolidator grant, has (co)authored over 150 articles over the past 10 years, and is a Highly Cited Researcher according to Web of Science.

報告簡介：

Land conditions, and vegetation in particular, play a fundamental role in shaping Earth's energy, water, and carbon cycles. Vegetation consumes significant water resources through transpiration and interception, regulates atmospheric CO2 concentration, alters surface roughness, and determines both net radiation and its partitioning. This influence propagates through the atmosphere, from micro-climate scales to the atmospheric boundary layer, subsequently impacting meso-scale and large-scale circulation, as well as the planetary transport of heat and moisture. Understanding the feedbacks between land and atmosphere across scales is crucial for predicting hydro-climatic extremes, such as droughts or heatwaves. It is believed that the compound occurrence of these events has been exacerbating in recent decades, partly due to the influence of climate change and land use on key land–atmosphere feedbacks that regulate them. While this finding is concerning, it also opens the door to improve (sub-)seasonal predictions and to leverage land geoengineering as a tool to mitigate extremes occurrence.

This presentation will explore the complex feedbacks between land and atmosphere, particularly focusing on extreme events like droughts and heatwaves, which cause direct societal impacts, agricultural loss, forest mortality, and water scarcity. Key questions will be addressed: How do extreme meteorological conditions impact ecosystem evaporation? In what ways does vegetation regulate the atmospheric boundary layer, affecting the intensification and propagation of these extremes? How do these biophysical feedbacks contribute to the inflow of heat and moisture to downwind regions, potentially leading to the propagation of extreme events? What are the consequences of land feedbacks for human heat stress during extreme events? How can information on land conditions be used for the timely prediction of these events? The goal of this presentation is not to provide definitive answers to these questions, but rather to present new results from my team’s work that may help advance our collective understanding of land feedbacks and the role they play in climate.

9月19日【水科學講壇】第61講：澳大利亞技術(shù)與工程院院士Helen Cleugh教授學術(shù)報告通知

報告人簡介：

Dr Helen Cleugh is an atmospheric scientist whose career has spanned research discovery, delivery and leadership. She completed her PhD at the University of British Columbia in Canada, became a Lecturer at Macquarie University in 1987, and worked in CSIRO as a Research Scientist from 1994 to 2022. She is currently an Honorary Professor at the Australian National University. Dr Cleugh is a Fellow of both the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (ATSE) and the Australian Meteorological Society (AMOS). She was a member of the World Climate Research Programme’s Joint Scientific Committee from 2015, and Vice Chair from 2019, until 2023. Dr Cleugh was inaugural Director of CSIRO's Climate Science Centre from 2017 to 2020 and, for over a decade prior, she was a senior leader of CSIRO’s climate and atmospheric research. Her leadership roles including building collaborations within CSIRO and nationally, including national research infrastructure for terrestrial observations (NCRIS TERN and OzFlux) and Earth System Models (NCRIS ACCESS-NRI). Her research explores the influence of land-air interactions on climate, carbon uptake and water availability, and how this affects carbon and water resource management, environmental outcomes, and climate. Her research has provided data, information and knowledge for resource managers, urban planners, and decision and policymakers.

報告簡介：

Land surface evaporation, the water used in evapotranspiration, along with the net uptake of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, plays a key role in influencing the climate locally, across regions and globally. These feedbacks between the land, atmosphere, climate and hydrology are profoundly important in a diverse range of applications, from planning cities to adapt to and mitigate climate change; to managing water resources and planning for water availability under a changing climate; to developing nature-based solutions to de-carbonising the economy; to improving weather and climate models.

As I will show, these topics have been an enduring theme throughout my career of research, as an atmospheric and climate scientist, and research leader. Drawing on this experience, my presentation will firstly review land surface evaporation, its various definitions, and measurement and modelling approaches. I will then illustrate the critical importance of land surface evaporation across a range of practical applications, such as urban planning, improving agricultural productivity, catchment water availability and climate change. Given this, I will then reflect on some of the “grand research challenges and opportunities” that have the potential to transform our knowledge of land surface evaporation and our ability to utilise this information.

9月25日【水科學講壇】第62講：江蘇大學張德勝教授學術(shù)報告通知

報告人簡介：

張德勝，博士，教授，國家杰出青年科學家基金項目獲得者、教育部高層次特聘教授。主要從事水力機械設計理論及水動力學研究，先后主持國家自然科學基金聯(lián)合重點項目、面上項目、國家重點研發(fā)計劃課題等項目20余項。擔任《水動力學研究與進展》副主編、《排灌機械工程學報》常務副主編、《Journal of Hydrodynamics》執(zhí)行編委，中國水利學會泵及泵站專業(yè)委員會委員、江蘇南水北調(diào)泵站技術(shù)創(chuàng)新聯(lián)盟副理事長等。發(fā)表學術(shù)論文120余篇，授權(quán)美國、英國、中國發(fā)明專利50余件。研究成果得到了南水北調(diào)工程、“一帶一路”重大泵站工程應用和示范，獲省部級科技進步一等獎、二等獎4項。

報告簡介：

南水北調(diào)東線工程是世界上規(guī)模最大的低揚程泵站群，圍繞國家重大工程建設需要，構(gòu)建了低揚程泵非線性環(huán)量設計理論和技術(shù)體系，成功研制了代表我國最高水平的三大系列高性能水力模型，成為南水北調(diào)、全國泵站工程的首選模型，自主研發(fā)了大型低揚程泵站高性能水泵機組成套裝備，成功應用于南水北調(diào)工程。

9月27日：浙江理工大學竇華書教授學術(shù)報告通知

報告人簡介：

竇華書，博士，浙江理工大學二級教授，博士生導師，浙江省引進海外高層次人才特聘教授。研究方向為流動穩(wěn)定性和湍流，燃燒與爆轟，計算流體力學，激波與邊界層干擾，熱力葉輪機械，非牛頓流動，多相流動等。在國際會議上作邀請報告30余次，被國內(nèi)外相關(guān)著名大學特邀講學70余次。發(fā)表SCI收錄論文80余篇，授權(quán)發(fā)明專利43項；由國際著名出版社Springer出版專著二部。曾獲得過國家機械部科技進步二等獎，國家航空總公司科技進步二等獎，國家自然科學獎三等獎，清華大學清華之友優(yōu)秀青年教師二等獎等。現(xiàn)為中國海洋工程學會常務理事、中國力學學會激波與激波管專委會委員、中國工程熱物理學會流體機械專委會委員，美國航空航天學會AIAA Associate Fellow，國家科技部國際合作項目及平臺評審專家，在多所著名大學和科研機構(gòu)擔任兼職教授。

報告簡介：

湍流是國際上公認的物理學、數(shù)學和力學難題。雖然此課題的研究已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了140年的歷史，但是湍流產(chǎn)生的物理原因至今仍不清楚。竇華書教授經(jīng)過30多年的艱苦努力，提出了能量梯度理論，成功地解決了湍流產(chǎn)生的問題。首次發(fā)現(xiàn)，湍流轉(zhuǎn)捩和湍流產(chǎn)生是由速度間斷所導致的Navier-Stokes方程的奇點所引起( Spikes and Burst)，而完全發(fā)展的湍流由流場中無數(shù)的奇點所組成，理論得到了大量實驗數(shù)據(jù)及DNS結(jié)果的驗證。對轉(zhuǎn)捩流動和湍流流動，同時用能量梯度理論和泊松方程分析兩種不同的方法，精確地證明了Navier -Stokes方程不存在全局域上連續(xù)的光滑解。能量梯度理論已經(jīng)被應用于研究若干流體力學問題的Canonical problems的流動穩(wěn)定性及湍流轉(zhuǎn)捩問題。研究成果應國際著名出版社Springer邀請，于2022年出版了500頁的專著《湍流的起源—能量梯度理論》，出版2年多來，下載量45000次，在Springer排名第一。

發(fā)布時間：2024.9.30